This scale measures how strongly a person believes that individuals have free will and are personally responsible for their choices and behavior. Fernandes et al. (2022) used the free-will subscale of an established measure to examine how political identity shapes customer satisfaction.
7-point scale (strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (7))
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
The seven-item version was reliable across administrations (α = .86-.89; Fernandes et al. 2022, pp. 124, 126). A two-item version used in Study 2a correlated at r = .64 (equivalent α ≈ .78 via the Spearman-Brown formula), just under threshold. A CFA in the Study 3 post-test supported discriminant validity from a political-identity measure, though the free-will scale's own AVE (.48) leaves some doubt about its convergent validity. Note: the items are reused essentially verbatim from Paulhus and Carey's (2011) FAD-Plus free-will subscale, a widely used measure of lay beliefs about determinism and free will; reliability here reflects the focal paper's own administration. Paulhus, Delroy L. and Jasmine M. Carey (2011), "The FAD-Plus: Measuring Lay Beliefs Regarding Free Will and Related Constructs," Journal of Personality Assessment, 93 (1), 96-104, is recorded here as the original source.
Fernandes, Daniel, Nailya Ordabayeva, Kyuhong Han, Jihye Jung, and Vikas Mittal (2022), "How Political Identity Shapes Customer Satisfaction," Journal of Marketing, 86 (6), 116-134.
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