The scale measures overall willingness to disclose requested personal information to a particular website or entity, a general counterpart to more specific data-sharing measures.
7-point semantic differential
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Bidler et al. (2020) borrowed three items from a four-item scale by Malhotra, Kim, and Agarwal (2004); used across all four studies with a panel representative of German online shoppers. Reliability was exceptionally high (α = .96–.99), with AVEs ranging from .68–.85. Validity wasn't separately discussed. This is a companion to two other scales from the same paper already on this site (Personal Data Disclosure Benefits and Risks).
Bidler, Margarita, Johanna Zimmermann, Jan H. Schumann, and Thomas Widjaja (2020), "Increasing Consumers’ Willingness to Engage in Data Disclosure Processes through Relevance-Illustrating Game Elements," Journal of Retailing, 96 (4), 507-523.
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