Immersion in Use of the Shopping App (Expected)

What it measures

This scale measures the degree to which a consumer anticipates losing track of time when using a particular shopping app. Barney et al. (2022) used it in Studies 1 (n = 240), 2 (n = 346), and 3 (n = 219) with data from U.S. MTurk volunteers, creating the scale by drawing heavily on keywords and phrases from two scales used by Agarwal and Karahanna (2000).

Response format

7-point Likert

Scale items

• I could see myself losing track of time when shopping with the ___ app.
• I think time could appear to go by very quickly while using the ___ shopping app.
• If I used the ___ app, I could see myself spending more time shopping than I intend.
• I could be completely absorbed in the shopping experience if I used the ___ app.

Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.

Usage notes & scoring

Alphas ranged from .92 to .95 across Studies 1-3 (Barney et al. 2022, p. 692), with individual per-study values not separately reported. CFAs across Studies 1-3 supported convergent and discriminant validity, with AVEs of .72, .65, and .76 in Studies 1, 2, and 3, respectively (Appendix 1). The authors note a concern worth flagging: the item phrasing draws on two conceptually related but ostensibly discriminant scales (temporal dissociation and focused immersion) from Agarwal and Karahanna (2000), which is worth examining further. A companion scale from the same studies, Interactive Experience of the Shopping App (Expected), is also in the database.

Citation

Barney, Christian, Tyler Hancock, Carol L. Esmark Jones, Brett Kazandjian, and Joel E. Collier (2022), "Ideally Human-ish: How Anthropomorphized Do You Have to be in Shopper-Facing Retail Technology?" Journal of Retailing, 98 (4), 685-705.

Keywords