Sophistication

What it measures

A four-item Likert-type scale designed to measure how much a person views an object as having a personality-like image characterized by traits related to social superiority and attractiveness.

Response format

9-point scale

Scale items

• not upper class / upper class
• not good looking / good looking
• not charming / charming
• not glamorous / glamorous

Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.

Citation

Aaker, Jennifer L. (1997), “Dimensions of Brand Personality,” Journal of Marketing Research, 34 (August), 347- 356.

Keywords