Measures consumer intentions to purchase fair trade certified products and willingness to pay a price premium over non-fair-trade alternatives. Fair trade products guarantee minimum prices to producers in developing countries, worker rights, and sustainable practices. De Pelsmacker et al. demonstrated that while attitudes toward fair trade are generally positive, only a minority of consumers consistently buy fair trade and pay premiums — illustrating the attitude-behaviour gap in ethical consumption. Widely used in research on ethical labels, cause-related marketing, and price premiums for sustainability.
De Pelsmacker, P., Driesen, L., & Rayp, G. (2005). Do consumers care about ethics? Willingness to pay for fair-trade coffee. Journal of Consumer Policy, 28(4), 363–385.
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