Leisure Motivation Scale

What it measures

Measures four motivational dimensions underlying leisure and tourism participation. The Intellectual dimension captures motivation to learn, explore, discover, create, and imagine. The Social dimension captures motivation to build relationships and meet new people. Competence-Mastery captures motivation to achieve, master, challenge, and compete through physical or mental skill. Stimulus-Avoidance captures motivation to escape, avoid stress, rest, and seek solitude away from life demands. Foundational to leisure studies; widely applied in tourism, recreation, and sport event research. Stimulus-Avoidance is consistently the most common dominant leisure motivation in general population samples.

Representative items

• To develop my mental knowledge. (Intellectual)
• To explore new ideas. (Intellectual)
• To develop close friendships with others. (Social)
• To build a relationship with people who share my interests. (Social)
• To develop physical skills and abilities. (Competence-Mastery)

Citation

Beard, J.G., & Ragheb, M.G. (1983). Measuring leisure motivation. Journal of Leisure Research, 15(3), 219–228.